How to Get Started in Cybersecurity

If you've ever considered joining the ranks of those who safeguard our digital world from cyber threats, you may be wondering how to get started in cybersecurity.

Indeed, cybersecurity is a highly rewarding and promising career. With the digital landscape evolving at a rapid pace, there is a growing demand for skilled cybersecurity professionals who can protect systems and networks from cyber threats.

Moreover, this field offers competitive salaries and prospects for advancement, making it an excellent choice for those interested in technology and problem-solving.

This article will explore:

• What is Cybersecurity
• Job Demand, Salary and Future Outlook
• Skills Required for a Cybersecurity Professional
• Common Cybersecurity Jobs
• Cybersecurity Certifications
• Cybersecurity Degrees
• Staying Up to Date

What is Cybersecurity?

Cybersecurity is the practice of protecting computer systems, networks, and data from digital attacks. It involves various strategies and technologies that are designed to prevent unauthorized access or damage to computers, servers, mobile devices, electronic systems, and other digital assets.

The basic concepts of cybersecurity revolve around identifying potential threats and vulnerabilities, assessing risks, implementing protective measures, and responding to security incidents.

Job Demand, Salary and Future Outlook for Cybersecurity Professionals

The demand for cybersecurity professionals is on an exponential rise due to increasing cyber threats and attacks. In fact, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics predicts a growth rate of 31% for cybersecurity jobs from 2019 to 2029, far more rapid than the average for all occupations.

When it comes to salary, cybersecurity professionals are among the highest earners in the IT field. According to Payscale, as of 2021, the average salary of a cybersecurity analyst in the United States is approximately $77,000, while experienced professionals can earn well over $100,000. However, the exact figure can vary depending on the exact position, location, experience level, and the size of the organization.

The future outlook for cybersecurity professionals is extremely promising. As technology continues to advance and digitization proliferates, the need for cybersecurity will only increase. Industries like healthcare, finance, and government are particularly vulnerable to cyber threats, indicating a sustained demand for cybersecurity experts. Furthermore, the advent of emerging technologies like artificial intelligence and machine learning in the field of cybersecurity opens up new avenues for career advancement.

Skills Required for a Cybersecurity Professional

A cybersecurity professional needs a diverse skillset to effectively identify potential threats and vulnerabilities, assess risks, implement protective measures, and respond to security incidents.

1. Technical Skills: Proficiency in operating systems, network security, and programming languages is crucial. A sound understanding of malware, firewalls, intrusion detection systems, and other security tools is also imperative.
2. Analytical Skills: The ability to analyze and interpret complex data to identify patterns and trends in threats is a valuable asset. This involves conducting vulnerability assessments and penetration testing to identify weaknesses and determine how well a system can resist attacks.
3. Problem-Solving Skills: Cybersecurity professionals must be adept at thinking critically and quickly to address and rectify security breaches and prevent future incidents.
4. Risk Management: Understanding how to assess and prioritize risks is a critical aspect of cybersecurity. Professionals must be able to develop and implement effective risk mitigation strategies.
5. Communication Skills: They should be able to clearly communicate technical information to non-technical audiences, and collaborate effectively with various organizational stakeholders to develop and implement security protocols.
6. Knowledge of Legal and Ethical Aspects: A good understanding of the law pertaining to cybersecurity and data privacy, as well as ethical guidelines, is essential to ensure compliance and protect the organization's reputation.

Research the various roles within the field and find one that suits you best

There are various roles within the field of cybersecurity, each with its own unique responsibilities and skill requirements. Some common job titles include security analyst, security architect, incident responder, penetration tester, and security consultant.

To find a role that suits you best, it is important to research and understand the specific duties and qualifications for each position. Consider your strengths and interests in relation to the different roles to determine which one aligns with your skills and career goals.

Common job titles in cybersecurity

• Security Analyst: A Security Analyst is responsible for the protection of an organization's computer systems and networks. They monitor networks for security breaches, investigate incidents, execute tests, and document any security threats or breaches they uncover. They also play a vital role in creating and implementing the organization's security policies.
• Security Architect: A Security Architect's main job is to design, build and implement network and computer security for an organization. They plan and design security architecture while also ensuring alignment with business requirements. They are also involved in the creation of security policies and standards.
• Incident Responder: An Incident Responder is also known as an Incident Handler. Their main task is to address security incidents within the organization. They are responsible for identifying, managing, recording, and then resolving security threats or incidents that happen within a network.
• Penetration Tester: Penetration Testers, also known as ethical hackers, are hired by companies to attack their computer systems and networks using the same methods as a hacker. The goal of a penetration tester is to identify vulnerabilities before malicious hackers do.
• Security Consultant: Security Consultants are the all-rounders in the field. They commonly evaluate, develop, and implement security protocols for their clients. They are also responsible for testing and monitoring those systems, creating security standards, and ensuring the privacy of the system's users. They may work for an organization or as freelance consultants.

Common Cybersecurity Career Paths

A career in cybersecurity typically begins with an entry-level role such as a Security Analyst or Junior Penetration Tester, where professionals get hands-on experience in monitoring networks, identifying vulnerabilities, and responding to security incidents.

After gaining substantial experience and technical skills, individuals may advance to mid-level roles, such as Security Architect, Penetration Tester or Incident Responder. Here, the responsibilities shift towards building secure network architectures, creating security policies, and managing security incidents.

Further progression leads to senior-level roles like Lead Security Consultant or Information System Security Manager where professionals are expected to oversee the entire security infrastructure, develop and implement security protocols, and test and monitor systems.

Ultimately, a seasoned professional with a proven track record may ascend to leadership roles such as a Chief Information Security Officer (CISO), tasked with the overall responsibility of an organization's information and data security.

In this journey, ongoing learning through certifications, such as Certified Information Systems Security Professional (CISSP) or Certified Ethical Hacker (CEH), can enhance career progression and help you land the job in a role you want.

Consider obtaining certifications to further develop your skills

Certifications are a great way to showcase your knowledge and skills in the field of cybersecurity. They can also help you stand out in the competitive job market and advance your career.

Some popular certifications include Certified Information Systems Security Professional (CISSP), Certified Ethical Hacker (CEH), and CompTIA Security+.

The problem for many new to the field is understanding how the certifications support your career goals and when they are expected by potential employers. So, we'll break the certifications in to 4 categories to help you understand them : initial skills, mid-career, advanced and specialized.

Initial Cybersecurity Skills

CompTIA Security+

Starting with the Com pTIA Security+ certification is often recommended for those new to the cybersecurity field. This globally recognized certification focuses on baseline skills necessary for performing core security functions and provides a springboard to intermediate-level cybersecurity jobs. It covers essential topics such as threat management, cryptography, identity management, network access control, and risk identification and mitigation. The certification is vendor-neutral and recognized globally as a benchmark for best practices in IT security, making it an excellent starting point for those interested in a cybersecurity career.

Mid-career Certifications

Certified Ethical Hacker (CEH)

The Certified Ethical Hacker (CEH) certification is ideally suited for those who are already in the field of cybersecurity and want to take their skills to the next level. It would be particularly beneficial for professionals such as system administrators, network administrators, network engineers, IT auditors, and any IT professional who is concerned about the integrity of network infrastructure. The CEH certification equips these professionals with the knowledge and skills needed to protect systems against malicious hacking attempts. It exposes them to the latest hacking techniques and preventive countermeasures. By becoming a Certified Ethical Hacker, they can demonstrate to potential employers their ability to safeguard an organization's information systems, thereby greatly enhancing their career prospects.

Certified Information Systems Auditor (CISA)

The Certified Information Systems Auditor (CISA) certification is a globally recognized standard for appraising an IT auditor's knowledge, expertise, and skill in assessing vulnerabilities, reporting on compliance, and instituting controls within the enterprise. It's managed by the Information Systems Audit and Control Association (ISACA) and accepted globally as a leading credential for audit control, assurance, and security professionals.

CISA is ideally suited for IT auditors, audit managers, consultants, and security professionals. It's particularly valuable for those who wish to show their capacity for managing vulnerabilities and instituting IT controls, and for those who are required to audit an organization's IT and business systems.

The certification provides credibility and recognition in the marketplace, enhances career advancement and earning potential, and provides access to a peer network of industry leaders. Furthermore, it's often seen as an indispensable requirement by employers looking to ensure the security and integrity of their IT systems.

Systems Security Certified Practitioner (SSCP)

The Systems Security Certified Practitioner (SSCP) certification is a globally recognized cybersecurity credential that attests to an individual's ability to implement, monitor and administer IT infrastructure using information security policies and procedures. It's governed by the International Information Systems Security Certification Consortium, or (ISC)².

The SSCP certification is ideally tailored for IT administrators, managers, directors, and network security professionals, who are hands-on in their approach to security and seek to showcase their technical abilities in implementing and managing an organization's cybersecurity.

Earning the SSCP certification provides several benefits. It validates the candidate's technical skills and competency in tackling real-world security issues, thereby enhancing their credibility as a security professional. It also broadens their career prospects and potential for advancement, as many organizations prioritize hiring certified professionals to ensure the protection of their IT infrastructure.

CompTIA Cybersecurity Analyst (CySA+)

The CompTIA Cybersecurity Analyst (CySA+) is an internationally recognized certification that validates an individual's ability to perform data analysis, interpret the results to identify vulnerabilities, threats and risks to an organization, and implement appropriate security measures. It's governed by the Computing Technology Industry Association (CompTIA), a leading provider of vendor-neutral IT certifications.

The CySA+ certification is ideally suited for IT professionals seeking to elevate their career to the next level, specifically those in roles such as cybersecurity analyst, vulnerability analyst, threat intelligence analyst, or security operations center (SOC) analyst.

Obtaining the CySA+ certification offers notable advantages. It provides practical expertise in managing and mitigating attacks and threats, validating the candidate's ability to proactively capture, monitor, and respond to network traffic findings. This certification also holds great appeal for employers seeking to bolster their cybersecurity defenses, often making it a preferred or required credential in job postings. Moreover, it serves as a stepping stone for more advanced cybersecurity certifications, thereby expanding career growth opportunities in the cybersecurity domain.

CompTIA PenTest+

The CompTIA PenTest+ is a globally recognized certification that certifies the competency of cybersecurity professionals in conducting penetration testing and managing vulnerabilities in a business environment. It is also governed by the Computing Technology Industry Association (CompTIA), a prominent player in the IT certification landscape.

The PenTest+ certification is well-suited for IT professionals eager to further their expertise in the cybersecurity field. It is particularly applicable to those holding or seeking positions such as penetration tester, vulnerability tester, security analyst, vulnerability assessment analyst, or network security operations.

With the PenTest+ certification, individuals gain a practical skillset that involves launching targeted attacks on an organization's systems, identifying vulnerabilities, and recommending strategies for improving security measures. This certification is often seen as a must-have by employers striving to fortify their systems against cyberattacks, and can be a significant advantage in job applications. Furthermore, the PenTest+ certification can pave the way for more advanced roles and certifications in the cybersecurity field, thereby broadening the horizon of career advancement opportunities.

Advanced Certifications

Certified Information Systems Security Professional (CISSP)

The Certified Information Systems Security Professional (CISSP) is a globally recognized and highly respected certification in the field of cybersecurity. It is offered by the International Information Systems Security Certification Consortium, also known as (ISC)².

The CISSP certification is primarily intended for experienced security practitioners, managers, and executives who desire to prove their knowledge in security practices and principles. Ideal candidates for the CISSP certification include IT consultants, managers, security policy writers, privacy officers, information security officers, network architects, and anyone else directly responsible for the overall security of an organization.

The CISSP certification stands as a testament to an individual's advanced understanding of cybersecurity and capacity to design, implement, and manage a best-in-class cybersecurity program. This certification is frequently listed as a prerequisite by employers hiring for senior and managerial positions in IT security, making it an invaluable asset for career progression. Earning the CISSP certification can, therefore, significantly boost one's professional profile, and open doors to a plethora of advanced roles and opportunities in the cybersecurity landscape.

Certified Information Security Manager (CISM)

The Certified Information Security Manager (CISM) is another widely recognized certification in the cybersecurity industry, offered by the Information Systems Audit and Control Association (ISACA).

CISM is specifically designed for professionals who design and manage an enterprise’s information security program. It's an ideal certification for IT professionals involved in risk management, governance, incident response, and the establishment and management of the information security program.

The CISM certification emphasizes the management and governance of information security and, therefore, is particularly useful for individuals who have moved or are looking to move from technical roles to management roles. This makes it a top choice for IT security managers, aspiring security consultants, and risk advisors.

The importance of CISM lies in its emphasis on the management and governance of IT security. It validates a professional's ability to manage, design, and oversee an enterprise's information security, thereby showcasing their competence in establishing and managing the enterprise's overall security agenda. CISM certified professionals are sought after for their understanding of the relationship between an information security program and broader business goals and objectives. In essence, those with a CISM certification are recognized for their understanding of the business side of IT security, making them valuable assets in the cybersecurity landscape.

Certified in Risk and Information Systems Control (CRISC)

The Certified in Risk and Information Systems Control (CRISC) is a highly regarded certification in the realm of IT security, offered by the Information Systems Audit and Control Association (ISACA). The certification is specifically designed for professionals who identify and manage risks through the development, implementation, and maintenance of information systems controls.

CRISC is an ideal choice for professionals involved in IT and enterprise risk management, including IT professionals, risk professionals, control professionals, and business analysts. It's especially beneficial for individuals who manage risks, design and implement IT controls, monitor and maintain IT controls, and manage the overall risk strategy.

The importance of CRISC lies in the fact that it ensures a professional's understanding of the business impact of risks and their ability to implement appropriate controls to mitigate them. It acknowledges the unique expertise required for IT risk management, emphasizing the identification and management of IT risk to achieve business objectives. Thus, CRISC certified professionals are highly sought after for their ability to manage IT risk in a way that supports the business's overall mission and objectives. By getting CRISC certified, professionals can demonstrate their knowledge and capability in risk management, making them valuable assets in the ever-evolving cybersecurity landscape.

CompTIA Advanced Security Practitioner (CASP+)

The CompTIA Advanced Security Practitioner (CASP+) is another esteemed certification in the realm of cybersecurity. CASP+ is unique in that it is performance-based and is intended for professionals seeking to demonstrate their hands-on ability to implement solutions within complex security environments.

CASP+ certification is ideal for IT professionals with significant experience in cybersecurity, particularly those in roles such as security architects, IT auditors, and cybersecurity specialists. The certification focuses on the practical, in-the-field skills and knowledge needed to design and implement cybersecurity solutions, rather than management skills.

Earning the CASP+ certification is a strategic move for individuals seeking to validate their expert-level cybersecurity skills and experience. It not only demonstrates to employers a strong commitment to the field and a deep understanding of security solutions but also positions professionals for advancement in technical, hands-on roles. It's an excellent stepping stone for anyone aiming for leadership positions where advanced technical skills are required.

After obtaining your CompTIA Security+ certification, you might consider advancing your expertise in cybersecurity with several other high-value certifications. The Certified Ethical Hacker (CEH) certification, offered by EC-Council, is next in line for many professionals. It validates your knowledge of how to think and act like a hacker to identify vulnerabilities in systems. Another popular choice is the Certified Information Systems Security Professional (CISSP) certification by (ISC)², which is globally recognized and covers an extensive range of cybersecurity topics. For those interested in network security, the Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA) Security certification can be a good choice. Lastly, the Certified Information Security Manager (CISM) and Certified in Risk and Information Systems Control (CRISC) offered by ISACA are excellent for those seeking leadership roles in information security management. Each of these certifications requires different levels of experience and knowledge, so research each to determine which best aligns with your career aspirations.

Specialized Certifications

In addition to the general cybersecurity certifications, there are several specialized certifications that allow professionals to demonstrate their expertise in specific areas of cybersecurity. These certifications are designed to validate knowledge and skills in niche areas such as digital forensics, disaster recovery, cloud security, penetration testing, and incident response. Pursuing specialized certifications once you've established your career can highly individualize your professional profile, showcasing your commitment to continuous learning and your ability to adapt to evolving cybersecurity threats and technologies.

Cyber Workforce Management Program

The Department of Defense (DoD) 8140 framework, also known as the Cyber Workforce Management Program, classifies IT and Cybersecurity positions into various categories and specialities. Each of these roles has a defined set of certification requirements in order to ensure that personnel have the necessary skills and knowledge.

The DoD 8140 uses these certifications as a benchmark to help standardize the skills in the Cybersecurity workforce, thereby enhancing the security and reliability of federal information systems.

These certifications, including CompTIA Security+, CEH, CISSP, CCNA Security, CISM, and CRISC, are widely recognized and often mandatory to validate the proficiency of individuals in their respective fields.

Furthermore, these certifications can significantly enhance career progression by opening up opportunities to work on federal contracts or compete more effectively for federal jobs.

Consider pursuing formal education

While certifications are important, obtaining a higher education degree can provide a strong foundation and deeper understanding of cybersecurity principles and practices. Pursuing a master's degree or even a doctorate in the field can open up more job opportunities and lead to higher salaries.

Higher education programs often cover a wide range of topics, from network security to cyber law and ethics, and can provide hands-on experience through internships or research projects.

Degree Programs for Cybersecurity Professionals

Several degree programs can equip aspiring cybersecurity professionals with the necessary knowledge and skills. A Bachelor’s Degree in Cybersecurity provides a comprehensive introduction to the field, covering fundamental topics such as network security, ethical hacking, and digital forensics.

For those seeking advanced knowledge, a Master’s Degree in Cybersecurity delves deeper into complex issues and emerging trends, including cloud security, IoT security, and cybersecurity policy.

Alternatively, a Bachelor's or Master's Degree in Computer Science or Management Information Systems with a focus on security can also be beneficial. These programs often cover a broad spectrum of computing principles, with a special emphasis on secure software development and system design.

For professionals interested in leadership roles, a Master's in Business Administration (MBA) with a concentration in Information Systems Management or Risk Management can be advantageous. This combination of business acumen and technical knowledge can prepare individuals for roles like Chief Information Security Officer (CISO).

Scholarships and Federal Programs

There are numerous scholarships and federal programs available to help finance cybersecurity degrees. A few notable ones include:

CyberCorps: Scholarship for Service

The "CyberCorps: Scholarship for Service" program, sponsored by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Department of Homeland Security (DHS). This program provides scholarships to students in return for a commitment to public service in cybersecurity roles post-graduation.

(ISC)² Undergraduate Cybersecurity Scholarship

Another notable scholarship is the "(ISC)² Undergraduate Cybersecurity Scholarship", which awards up to $5,000 per recipient to inspire a safer and more secure cyber world.

Information Assurance Scholarship Program (IASP)

Moreover, the Department of Defense (DoD) offers the "Information Assurance Scholarship Program" (IASP), aimed at recruiting and retaining top-tier Information Assurance (IA) and cybersecurity talent.

Federal Cyber Service: Scholarship for Service

Furthermore, the Federal Cyber Service: Scholarship for Service (SFS) is a unique program designed to increase and strengthen the cadre of federal information assurance professionals that protect the government's critical information infrastructure. The program provides scholarships that fully fund the typical costs incurred by full-time students while attending a participating institution, including tuition and education and related fees.

These scholarships and federal programs not only alleviate the financial burden of pursuing a degree in cybersecurity but also open doors to invaluable networking and career opportunities in the field.

Military Careers

Military careers in cybersecurity present unique advantages. Serving in military cybersecurity roles often allows for unparalleled hands-on experience dealing with sophisticated threats. This can provide a significant career boost as such expertise is highly valued in the civilian sector.

Many military personnel also benefit from comprehensive training and development programs, which can lead to obtaining highly-regarded cybersecurity certifications. Moreover, the discipline, teamwork, and problem-solving skills developed in the military are easily transferable to cybersecurity roles in the private sector.

Each branch of the military has one or more career fields dedicated to cybersecurity.

1. U.S. Army Cyber Command (ARCYBER): The U.S. Army offers opportunities in Cyber Operations Specialist (MOS 17C).
2. U.S. Navy Cyber Warfare: In the U.S. Navy, individuals can serve in roles such as Cryptologic Technician Networks (CTN) or Information Systems Technician (IT).
3. U.S. Air Force Cyber Command (AFCYBER): The U.S. Air Force provides roles including Cyber Operations (1B4X1) and Cyber Surety (3D0X3).
4. U.S. Marine Corps Cyberspace Command (MARFORCYBER): In the U.S. Marine Corps, one can serve as a Cyber Network Operator (MOS 0651).
5. U.S. Coast Guard Cyber Command (CGCYBER): In the U.S. Coast Guard, roles include IT Specialist (IT) and Cyber Command roles.

Plus, military service can be a pathway to security clearances, which are required for certain high-level cybersecurity positions in government and private contractors. Thus, a military career in cybersecurity can be a stepping stone to a multitude of opportunities in the field.

Stay updated on current trends and threats in cybersecurity

The field of cybersecurity is constantly evolving as new technologies emerge and cyber threats become more sophisticated. It is important to stay updated on current trends and threats

Join professional organizations and attend meetups

Professional organizations such as the Information Systems Security Association (ISSA) or the International Association of Computer Security Professionals (IACSP) offer valuable resources, networking opportunities, and events for cybersecurity professionals. Joining these organizations can also give you access to job boards and career development resources.

Attending meetups and conferences is another great way to stay updated on the latest industry trends and network with other professionals. Many organizations host virtual events now, making it easier to attend from anywhere in the world.

Stay informed on industry developments and trends

In order to excel in the field of cybersecurity, it is essential to stay informed and up-to-date on industry developments and trends. This includes reading industry publications, following thought leaders in the field, attending webinars and conferences, and staying current with new technologies.

Being knowledgeable about the latest threats and security measures can make you a valuable asset to any organization and help you advance in your career.

Wrap Up

In summary, embarking on a career in cybersecurity is a journey of continuous learning, networking, and staying on top of industry trends. As the landscape of threats evolves, so too must our knowledge and skills to counter them. By leveraging the resources mentioned, you can equip yourself with the knowledge and connections necessary to excel in this demanding yet rewarding field. Remember, the most successful cybersecurity professionals are those who are perpetually curious, always ready to adapt, and aware of their responsibility in crafting a safer digital world.